Characteristics of High-Quality Data
Table 1
Table
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Table 1
Table
Table 1
| Characteristic | Meaning | Clinical research example |
|---|---|---|
| Accuracy | Data reflect the true observed or documented value | Weight entered as 12.5 kg when the source record shows 12.5 kg |
| Completeness | Required data are present or missingness is explained | All enrolled participants have a recorded primary outcome or a documented reason for missing outcome |
| Consistency | Related values agree logically | Date of follow-up occurs after date of enrollment |
| Timeliness | Data are available when needed | Site enters follow-up forms within three days of participant visit |
| Validity | Data follow defined rules and formats | Temperature is numeric and within the allowed range |
| Reliability | Measurement is repeatable under similar conditions | Blood pressure measured using a standardized procedure |
| Integrity | Data are protected from unauthorized or undocumented change | Audit trail records user, timestamp, old value, and new value |