Data Analysis in R: Orientation

Descriptive analysis is the process of summarizing data so that a study team can understand what has been collected. In clinical research, it is often associated with final reports, manuscripts, or statistical analysis plans. However, descriptive analysis is also central to data management. A data manager needs to know how many participants have been enrolled, how many records are incomplete, whether follow-up outcomes are missing, whether sites have similar patterns of data entry, whether adverse events are being reported consistently, and whether numeric values fall within plausible clinical ranges. These questions are descriptive before they are inferential.